Observational studyBMJ open diabetes research & care2025
Combination therapy with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes.
Observational study in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Combination cardiometabolic therapy in type 2 diabetes: optimizing SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP‑1 receptor agonist use.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) improve cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and SGLT2i reduces events in heart failure (HF). However, the benefit of their combination in patients with both conditions remains unclear. This study assessed the risk of all-cause death and hospitalization with combination therapy versus SGLT2i monotherapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThis multicenter, retrospective, observational study used the TriNetX database between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021. We identified 928,981 patients aged ≥18 years with HF and T2D. Of these, 168,422 received an SGLT2i. The exposure group comprised patients who initiated a GLP-1 RA within 6 months of SGLT2i initiation, while the control group included those who did not receive a GLP-1 RA after SGLT2i initiation. The index date was defined as 6 months after SGLT2i. 25,989 patients received SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA and 54,619 received SGLT2i monotherapy. Following propensity score matching, each group comprised 23,240 patients.
resultsOver 1 year, the risk of all-cause death in patients who received SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA relative to those who received SGLT2i monotherapy was significantly lower (2.8% vs 6.3%, p<0.001; HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.48). Similarly, the risk of hospitalization in patients who received SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA was also lower (32.9% vs 36.4%, p<0.001; HR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.90).
conclusionsThe risk of all-cause death and hospitalization in patients who received combination therapy with SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA relative to those who received SGLT2i monotherapy was significantly lower in patients with HF and T2D.
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