Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41192880›Full record

ArticleEndocrine journal2026

Age-related changes in thyroid hormone profile in pediatric patients with Down syndrome.

Machiko Toki, Satoshi Narumi, Junko Hanakawa, Reiko Iwano, Yumi Asakura, Hideaki Ueda, Kenji Kurosawa, Tomonobu Hasegawa, Koji Muroya

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Machiko TokiDepartment of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-2062-3928
Satoshi NarumiDepartment of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-4517
Junko HanakawaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan.
Reiko IwanoClinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan.
Yumi AsakuraDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7242-8354
Hideaki UedaDepartment of Cardiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-4203
Kenji KurosawaDivision of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-7748
Tomonobu HasegawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-3989
Koji MuroyaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama 232-8555, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-9894

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction; however, age-related changes in thyroid hormone profiles remain unclear. We investigated the age-related changes in thyroid function in children with DS. We retrospectively analyzed the thyroid function test results of 762 patients with DS aged 3-14 years without known thyroid disease, and compared them with those of 764 age-matched controls with idiopathic short stature. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels and the FT3/FT4 ratio were compared between patients with DS with/without congenital heart disease (CHD) and gastrointestinal malformations. In each age group, the log-transformed TSH distribution exhibited similar standard deviation and kurtosis, but showed consistently higher mean values in patients with DS than in controls. Mean FT3 levels were slightly lower in the DS group, except at ages 11-12 years. Mean FT4 levels were slightly lower in the DS group after 9 years of age. The mean FT3/FT4 ratio was lower in the DS group at ages 3-8 years but normalized after 9 years of age. Patients with DS and CHD had higher TSH levels than those without CHD after 11 years of age, whereas FT3, FT4, and the FT3/FT4 ratio showed no significant differences. A rightward shift in serum TSH distribution was observed in patients with DS without thyroid disease, suggesting that TSH levels are generally high in patients with DS. These variations highlight the need for personalized management of thyroid function in patients with DS.

Indexed as

Down SyndromeThyroid GlandThyroid HormonesThyrotropinThyroxineTriiodothyronineAdolescentAge FactorsChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHeart Defects, CongenitalHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesThyroid DiseasesThyroid HormonesThyrotropinThyroxineTriiodothyronineChildren and adolescentsFree thyroxineFree triiodothyronineThyroid stimulating hormone

Identifiers

PMID41192880
PMCPMC12996722

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.