Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41192559›Full record

ArticleVirus research2025

Comparative investigation into the immune efficiency of the single intradermal and intramuscular delivery of foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine in swine.

Weijun Cao, Jingwen Li, Fan Yang, Zixiang Zhu, Wei Zhang, Haixue Zheng, Yanming Wei

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Virus research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Weijun CaoInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
Jingwen LiState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
Fan YangState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
Zixiang ZhuState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
Wei ZhangState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
Haixue ZhengState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China. Electronic address: zhenghaixue@caas.cn.
Yanming WeiInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China. Electronic address: weiym@gsau.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease. Traditional intramuscular (IM) injection of inactivated FMD vaccines has been crucial for disease control, but intradermal (ID) immunization offers advantages such as reduced vaccine dosage and decreased animal discomfort. The differences in immune efficiency of intradermal and intramuscular delivery of FMD commercial inactivated vaccine in pigs remain unclear. Here, we compared the immune efficacy of ID and IM immunization using the same dose of commercial FMD vaccine. Experimental pigs were administered the vaccine via either ID or IM routes. At 28 days post-immunization (dpi), the ID group produces less uniform levels of FMDV-specific antibodies than IM groups. The detection of IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ in porcine serum samples revealed a lower cellular immune response in the ID group as well in the early stages. Meanwhile, the IM group exhibited higher percentages of CD8

Indexed as

Foot-and-Mouth DiseaseFoot-and-Mouth Disease VirusSwine DiseasesViral VaccinesAdjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesImmunity, CellularImmunity, HumoralInjections, IntradermalInjections, IntramuscularInterferon-gammaSwineVaccinationAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralInterferon-gammaVaccines, InactivatedViral VaccinesFMDVImmune efficiencyIntradermal injectionIntramuscular injection

Identifiers

PMID41192559
PMCPMC12639327

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.