ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026
Mid-to Long-term Outcomes After Single Radiofrequency Ablation of Nontoxic and Toxic Thyroid Nodules.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the mid- to long-term recurrence rates after a single radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of benign thyroid adenomas.
designRetrospective review of data collected in a standardized prospective database.
settingSingle-center thyroid clinic in Austria.
participantsEight hundred ninety-six consecutive patients with either nontoxic nodules (n = 765) or toxic adenomas (n = 131).
interventionMono- or bipolar RFA under local anesthesia.
main outcome measuresRecurrence defined as increase in nodule size after RFA treatment by ≥50% from its smallest volume (nontoxic adenomas) or relapse of hyperthyroidism (toxic adenomas).
resultsFollow-up periods of 3 years or more were available for 437 nontoxic and 58 toxic adenomas. The median baseline volume was 10.1 mL [interquartile range (IQR) 5.5-20] for nontoxic and 7.2 mL (IQR 4.2-14.3) for toxic nodules. Solid or predominantly solid nodules comprised 81% and 93%, respectively. After 1, 3, and 5 years, the average nodule volume decreased by 79%, 82%, and 86% for nontoxic and by 84%, 88%, and 89% for toxic nodules, remaining stable afterwards.In 54 patients (7.1%) with nontoxic nodules, regrowth occurred, with a cumulative incidence rate of 17.3% over a maximum of 8 years. Among 15 patients (11.5%) with toxic adenomas, recurrence of hyperthyroidism was observed over 7 years (21.6% cumulative incidence). Fourteen of these patients became euthyroid after low-dose radioiodine treatment (n = 11) or a second RFA (n = 3). Documented complications included 2.3% moderate and 0.3% severe cases.
conclusionIn our cohort, a single RFA treatment resulted in favorable mid- to long-term outcomes in 83% of nontoxic and 78% of toxic adenoma patients, with an acceptable complication rate.
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