Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41191863›Full record

ArticleChemistry & biodiversity2026

Ficus carica L.: Phytochemistry and Allelopathic Potentialities on Selected Crop and Weed Species.

Dhawya Mergby, Hajer Ayedi, Hadhemi Chibeni, Hajer Tlili, Abdelkarim Ben Arfa, Ilyes Saidi, Walid Elfalleh, Mokded Rabhi, Mohamed Neffati, Hanen Najjaa

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Article in Chemistry & biodiversity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Dhawya MergbyLaboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.
Hajer AyediLaboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.
Hadhemi ChibeniLaboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.
Hajer TliliLaboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.
Abdelkarim Ben ArfaLaboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.
Ilyes SaidiLaboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
Walid ElfallehDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3493-6451
Mokded RabhiDepartment of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed NeffatiLaboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.
Hanen NajjaaLaboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-4218

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Weed infestation is a major constraint to crop production, especially in vegetables such as cucumber and pepper, where Setaria verticillata L.P.Beauv., Phragmites communis Trin., and Cynodon dactylon L. Pers cause severe yield losses. This study evaluated the phytotoxic potential of Ficus carica L. leaves. Aqueous extracts were tested using foliar spray and soil incorporation to assess effects on seed germination and early growth of weeds and crops. The extracts exhibited strong dose-dependent inhibition, reducing germination by 46% in S. verticillata and 63.1% in C. dactylon. Root growth was suppressed by 92.1%, 89.3%, and 80.4% in C. dactylon, S. verticillata, and P. communis, respectively. Foliar spray caused the strongest inhibition, with shoot, root lengths, and leaf number reduced by up to 100% in S. verticillata L. For crop species, only a slight, nonsignificant effect was observed, confirming the selectivity of F. carica extracts in suppressing weeds while minimally affecting crops. Molecular docking revealed strong interactions between major F. carica polyphenols (1,3-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and luteolin) and GST/HPPD enzymes, suggesting a potential mode of action. These findings highlight F. carica leaves as a bioherbicidal resource and a sustainable alternative for weed management in agriculture.

Indexed as

AllelopathyCrops, AgriculturalFicusPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsPlant WeedsDose-Response Relationship, DrugGerminationMolecular Docking SimulationPlant LeavesPlant RootsPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsFicus caricaphytotoxic effectweeds

Identifiers

PMID41191863
PMCPMC13421940

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.