Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41191859›Full record

ArticleJMIR human factors2025

Designing for Patient-Centered Care and Equity in Virtual Hospital-at-Home Models: Quality Improvement Initiative Using Experience-Based Co-Design.

Mahabhir Kandola, Emma Wong, Robert Paquin, Kamal Arora, Harroop Sharda, Roman Deol, Mary Jung, Maria Montenegro, Megan MacPherson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR human factors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Guidance for BuildingJournal of medical Internet research · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mahabhir KandolaDepartment of Virtual Health and Department of EDI and Language Services, Fraser Health, 13450 102 Ave, Surrey, V3T0H1, Canada, 1 6045616605.ORCID 0009-0001-9735-124X
Emma WongDepartment of Virtual Health and Department of EDI and Language Services, Fraser Health, 13450 102 Ave, Surrey, V3T0H1, Canada, 1 6045616605.ORCID 0009-0001-0213-4841
Robert PaquinKing's College London, 5-11 Lavington Street, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4254-5204
Kamal AroraDepartment of Virtual Health and Department of EDI and Language Services, Fraser Health, 13450 102 Ave, Surrey, V3T0H1, Canada, 1 6045616605.ORCID 0000-0001-5761-5194
Harroop ShardaBritish Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada.ORCID 0009-0007-5429-770X
Roman DeolDepartment of Virtual Health and Department of EDI and Language Services, Fraser Health, 13450 102 Ave, Surrey, V3T0H1, Canada, 1 6045616605.ORCID 0009-0006-5840-1386
Mary JungUniversity of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2360-0952
Maria MontenegroDepartment of Virtual Health and Department of EDI and Language Services, Fraser Health, 13450 102 Ave, Surrey, V3T0H1, Canada, 1 6045616605.ORCID 0009-0006-0710-8219
Megan MacPhersonDepartment of Virtual Health and Department of EDI and Language Services, Fraser Health, 13450 102 Ave, Surrey, V3T0H1, Canada, 1 6045616605.ORCID 0000-0001-7907-1394

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The rapid expansion of virtual care during COVID-19 accelerated the development of virtual hospital-at-home models, which deliver hospital-level care in patients' homes through remote monitoring, virtual communication, and in-person support when required. While the virtual hospital-at-home model offers the potential to improve patient-centered care and health equity, rapid implementation often overlooks culturally diverse and underserved populations, including South Asian communities who experience disproportionate chronic disease burden and barriers to accessing culturally relevant services. Strategies are needed to ensure equitable design and adoption of virtual hospital-at-home models. Objective: This study used an experience-based co-design (EBCD) approach to engage patients, caregivers, clinicians, and community organizations in shaping a regional virtual hospital-at-home strategy within the Fraser Health Authority, British Columbia, Canada. The aim was to identify barriers, facilitators, and equity-focused solutions to inform future implementation. Methods: We conducted a five-stage EBCD quality improvement process in the Fraser Health Authority, British Columbia, including (1) forming a multidisciplinary steering committee, (2) reviewing health care provider experiences, (3) interviewing South Asian patients and caregivers, (4) hosting a co-design workshop to develop solutions, and (5) sharing back findings. Results: Participants identified barriers, including digital literacy, language, and trust in virtual care. The co-designed solutions focused on culturally tailored education, hybrid digital training, caregiver inclusion, and community-driven engagement strategies. Conclusions: EBCD enabled the development of inclusive and actionable strategies to improve virtual hospital-at-home services. The findings highlight the importance of ongoing community collaboration to ensure equity in virtual care innovation.

Indexed as

COVID-19Health EquityPatient-Centered CareQuality ImprovementTelemedicineBritish ColumbiaHumansSARS-CoV-2AIartificial intelligencecommunity-based participatory researchhealth equitySouth Asian peopletelemedicine

Identifiers

PMID41191859
PMCPMC12588588

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.