Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41191813›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2026

Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Medications Among Primary Care Patients After California's 2022 Medicaid Expansion.

Annie E Ro, Celina Morales, Luohua Jiang, Jung Min Choi, Nicole Tavares Kuhn, Cecilia Wu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Annie E RoDepartment of Health, Society, & Behavior, Wen School of Population and Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-9684-5566
Celina MoralesDepartment of Health, Society, and Behavior, Wen School of Population and Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA.
Luohua JiangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wen School of Population and Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA.
Jung Min ChoiDepartment of Health, Society, and Behavior, Wen School of Population and Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA.
Nicole Tavares KuhnClinical Pharmacist, Eisner Health, Los Angeles, CA.
Cecilia WuClinical Pharmacist, Gracelight Community Health, Los Angeles, CA.

Funding

UCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1M
UCLA-UCI Center for Eliminating Cardio-Metabolic Disparities in Multi-Ethnic Populations (UC END-DISPARITIES)P50MD017366 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BODEN-ALBALA, BERNADETTE MARIE, BROWN, ARLEEN F. · 2021 to 2025
$17.3M
CTSI UL1TR001881Google Health Equity GrantNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001881NIH/NIMHD UC END-DISPARITIES Pilot Award P50-MD017366NIMHD NIH HHS P50 MD017366
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIn May 2022, California expanded full-scope Medicaid (Medi-Cal) to low-income undocumented immigrants aged 50 years or older, which provided access to newer type 2 diabetes (T2D) medications. This study examined whether the expansion led to more prescriptions of newer therapies like glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors among older undocumented immigrants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe used patient records between January 2019 to June 2023 from two Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) in Los Angeles County. We compared prescriptions among 1) older undocumented immigrants newly eligible for Medi-Cal, 2) younger undocumented immigrants not eligible for Medi-Cal, and 3) documented patients (n = 20,420 encounters and 4,601 patients). We used generalized linear mixed models with patient-level random intercepts to examine whether the patient groups differed in their likelihood of being prescribed newer medications and if there were changes over time.

resultsThe odds of being prescribed newer classes of drugs was significantly lower for both the older and younger undocumented patients than documented patients at baseline. Prescriptions for newer T2D medications increased over time for all patients, but the monthly rate of increase in the odds was 6% higher for the older undocumented group compared with the documented patient group.

conclusionsMedi-Cal expansion was effective in changing prescription patterns for older undocumented immigrants with T2D. Although the older undocumented immigrants were prescribed newer drugs at a much lower level than were documented immigrants, they ended at a similar level as the documented patients by the end of the study period.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsMedicaidPrimary Health CareAgedCaliforniaEmigrants and ImmigrantsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsUnited StatesHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID41191813
PMCPMC12719703

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.