ArticlePloS one2025
Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and subtype diversity in hospitalized human rhinovirus (HRV) patients.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Respiratory viral infections in children under five during two consecutive autumn-winter seasons.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- The rhinovirus puzzle: Linking virus and host factors to childhood asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Biological Activity of Stilbenoids Against Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Pathogens.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Epidemiology, Distinct Seasonal Dynamics, and Age-Specific Characteristics of Eight Respiratory Viruses in Thailand, 2025.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Article
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13 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHuman rhinovirus (HRV) is a major cause of respiratory illness, however data on clinical presentation, outcomes across age-groups and associations with HRV subtypes are limited.
methodsClinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized HRV-positive patients with cycle threshold (Ct)≤32 were collected retrospectively and analyzed in relation to age-groups and subtypes.
resultsAmong 738 patients, the age distribution was: 0-1 (148,20.1%), 1-3 (94,12.7%), 3-5 (44,5.9%), 5-18 (76,10.3%), 18-40 (51,6.9%), 40-65 (95,12.9%) and ≥65 (230,31.2%). Younger children more frequently presented with bronchiolitis and asthma exacerbation, while older adults experienced higher rates of pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. ICU admissions and mechanical ventilation were more common in younger children, whereas oxygen support was predominant in older adults. Of 119 sequenced samples, HRV-A was the predominant species (69%), followed by HRV-C (28.5%), with both exhibiting considerable genetic subtype diversity. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) associated with HRV-C was found only in adults while severe and critical outcomes with HRV-A and HRV-C occurred in both children and adults. When compared with human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a known pathogenic respiratory virus, no differences in severe outcomes were noted, however, HRV patients aged ≥65 had a higher proportion of critical outcomes.
conclusionsHRV infection is associated with significant morbidity across age-groups, with distinct clinical presentation and outcomes. ICU admissions were more frequent in children, while older adults required oxygen support. The genetic diversity and age-related differences in HRV subtypes underscore its clinical impact in both pediatric and adult populations.
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