ArticleEuropean journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics2026
Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients During the First Month After Transplantation.
Article in European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionDespite dosing protocols and tight therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), tacrolimus concentrations remain highly variable in pediatric liver transplant (LTx) recipients during the first month post-transplantation. The objective of this study was to describe weight-adjusted tacrolimus concentration-to-dose (C/D/kg) ratios and to identify physical, clinical, and laboratory parameters associated with interpatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability in hospitalized children during the first month post-LTx.
methodsIn this single-center retrospective cohort study (January 2018-October 2021), we calculated C/D/kg ratios for 36 LTx recipients aged 0-2 years. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models characterized changes in tacrolimus C/D/kg ratios over time, and we determined the percentage of concentrations within six predefined ranges (0-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-10, 10-15, and > 15 μg/L).
resultsIn total, 524 trough concentrations of orally administered tacrolimus were analyzed. Tacrolimus C/D/kg ratios ranged from 0.19 to 0.75, demonstrating substantial interpatient variability. Time post-transplantation, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, coadministration of corticosteroids, spironolactone, fluconazole, fentanyl, amlodipine, flucloxacillin, and ciprofloxacin were significantly associated with interpatient variability (P < 0.05 for all). In the first week, 40.0% tacrolimus trough concentrations were below 4 μg/L, and using TDM the distribution shifted towards the therapeutic mid-range (6-10 μg/L).
conclusionTDM of tacrolimus is often not enough to obtain the concentrations in the therapeutic range. Identifying cofounders for variability a priori is essential for guiding efficient and accurate dosing, shifting the focus from reactive TDM towards better dosing strategies that improve PK predictions and ultimately improve therapy for pediatric LTx recipients.
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