Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41191227›Full record

ArticleArchives of sexual behavior2025

A Latent Class Analysis of Interrupted Gender Transitions and Detransitions in the USA and Canada.

Kinnon R MacKinnon, Naail Khan, Katherine Newman, Pablo Expósito-Campos, Wren Ariel Gould, Annie Pullen Sansfaçon, S Rudd, June S H Lam

Abstract read
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Article in Archives of sexual behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kinnon R MacKinnonSchool of Social Work, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada. kinnonmk@yorku.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2039-6746
Naail KhanDepartment of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Katherine NewmanDepartment of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Pablo Expósito-CamposDepartment of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
Wren Ariel GouldDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Annie Pullen SansfaçonSchool of Social Work, University of Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
S RuddDepartment of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
June S H LamDepartment of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada 435-2023-1099
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research into detransition-stopping, shifting, or reversing an initial gender transition-remains limited despite its increasing visibility in society and healthcare settings. While previous studies with adults identified the reasons and experience of detransition as heterogenous, researchers have not developed clear, empirically-validated concepts to examine these phenomena. This study used latent class analysis to characterize distinct detransition experiences among 957 adolescents and adults (aged 16-74 years; 78.8% assigned female at birth; AFAB) living in the USA (73.6%) and Canada (26.4%). Using self-reported reasons for detransition as indicator variables, we identified four distinct detransition classes. Participants rated factors using Likert scales, allowing quantitative assessment of each dimension's influence on their detransition pathway. Class A (n = 316, 14.6% Transgender/Gender-Diverse (TGD) identity, 89.9% AFAB) strongly endorsed mental health-related factors and changes in self-identity, with moderately high scores on dissatisfaction with treatment. Class B (n = 186, 62.4% TGD identity, 87.1% AFAB) scored moderately high on satisfaction with treatments and in changing self-identity. Class C (n = 182, 62.3% TGD identity, 75.8% AFAB) strongly endorsed discrimination and interpersonal factors and had moderate scores in additional dimensions. Class D (n = 273; 95.3% TGD identity, 62.3% AFAB) strongly endorsed discrimination, and had moderate scores in healthcare access barriers. The prevalence of medical transition across the four classes ranged between 62.9 and 65.8%. Transfeminine, AMAB participants were more frequently typed into classes strongly reporting discrimination. Findings illustrated that detransition is driven by multidimensional factors and can occur alongside regret and satisfaction with transition-related decisions. Future research is required to develop rigorous conceptual frameworks for studying detransition and gender identity development among gender-diverse populations.

Indexed as

Gender-Affirming ProceduresGender IdentityTransgender PersonsWithholding TreatmentAdolescentAdultAgedCanadaFemaleHumansLatent Class AnalysisMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceSelf ReportUnited StatesDetransitionGender dysphoriaLatent class analysisLGBTQTransgender

Identifiers

PMID41191227

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.