Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41190504›Full record

ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2025

Biomarker discovery using NUcleic Acid-Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay in multiple sclerosis patients experiencing progression independent of relapse activity.

Sofia Sandgren, Aleksandra Maleska Maceski, Pascal Benkert, Maximilian Einsiedler, Sabine Schaedelin, Johanna Oechtering, Lutz Achtnichts, Patrice H Lalive, Stefanie Müller, Caroline Pot and 15 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Impact of age, BMI, and renal function adjustment on interpretation of serum NfL and GFAP in multiple sclerosis progression: a scoping review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  3. A framework for blood biomarker discovery in MS.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Sofia SandgrenDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6206-3339
Aleksandra Maleska MaceskiMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Pascal BenkertMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6525-8174
Maximilian EinsiedlerMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0786-2872
Sabine SchaedelinMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Johanna OechteringMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Lutz AchtnichtsDepartment of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
Patrice H LaliveDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, and Department of Medicine, Translational Biomarker Group, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Stefanie MüllerDepartment of Neurology, University Teaching and Research Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Caroline PotService of Neurology and Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1146-3129
Amanda HeslegraveUK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
David HuntUK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Jan LyckeDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7891-8466
Robert HoepnerDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Patrick RothDepartment of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Claudio GobbiMultiple Sclerosis Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-7554-0664
Manuel ComabellaServei de Neurologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2373-6657
Tobias DerfussMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8431-8769
Ludwig KapposMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4175-5509
Cristina GranzieraMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4917-8761
Ahmed AbdelhakDepartment of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9731-4169
David LeppertMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Eline Aj WillemseMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Henrik ZetterbergUK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Jens KuhleMultiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6963-8892

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesThis cohort study aimed to identify blood-based biomarkers associated with progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) using the multiplex NUcleic Acid-Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA).

methodsNULISA 'CNS Disease Panel' and 'Inflammation Panel' were applied on plasma samples from pwMS following B cell-depleting therapy (BCDT;

results'CNS Disease Panel' derived glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were identified as predictive of PIRA by multivariable Cox regression models (GFAP: BCDT: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-2.55,

conclusionAmong over 300 proteins investigated by NULISA, GFAP was the main biomarker significantly associated with future PIRA risk in our cohort.

Indexed as

Disease ProgressionGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinMultiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingNeurofilament ProteinsAdultBiomarkersCohort StudiesFemaleFingolimod HydrochlorideHumansImmunosuppressive AgentsMaleMiddle AgedRecurrenceBiomarkersFingolimod HydrochlorideGFAP protein, humanGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinImmunosuppressive Agentsneurofilament protein LNeurofilament Proteinsblood-based biomarkersglial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)multiple sclerosis (MS)NUcleic Acid-Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA)Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA)

Identifiers

PMID41190504
PMCPMC12589673

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