ArticleCureus2025
Prevalence of Proximal Overhangs in Class II Composite Restorations Placed by Undergraduate Students at Qassim University.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Proximal overhangs in class II composite restorations are common technical errors that can contribute to plaque retention and localized periodontal inflammation. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of proximal overhangs in class II composite restorations placed by undergraduate dental students at Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, using bitewing radiographic analysis. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Dentistry, Qassim University. Competency sheets from fourth- and fifth-year students during the 2023-2024 academic year were reviewed. Bitewing radiographs meeting inclusion criteria (vital permanent teeth with good-quality images) were analyzed. Exclusion criteria included missing adjacent teeth and third molars. Two calibrated evaluators assessed each radiograph with high inter- and intra-examiner reliability (Cohen's kappa = 0.90). Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23, and chi-square tests were applied (p < 0.05). Results Of the 292 restorations reviewed, 84 (28.8%) met inclusion criteria. Among these, 21 (25%) showed proximal overhangs. Fifth-year students recorded 14 (28%) overhangs versus 7 (20.5%) among fourth-year students (p = 0.793). Female students showed 7 (26%) overhangs compared to 14 (24.6%) for males (p = 0.892). Overhangs were slightly more frequent in maxillary 10 (26.3%) than mandibular 11 (24%) restorations (p = 0.800). Mesial surfaces exhibited 12 (27.9%) overhangs compared to 9 (22%) on distal surfaces (p = 0.529). No associations were statistically significant. Conclusion One in four class II composite restorations placed by undergraduate students at Qassim University showed proximal overhangs, with no significant difference by academic year, gender, arch, or surface. The findings highlight a continued need to strengthen matrix adaptation and finishing techniques in undergraduate restorative training.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.