Remimazolam used for sedation during spinal anesthesia puncture provides faster sedation effect and increase recovery rate compared to midazolam: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Surgical time-out is essential for patient safety, requiring patients to remain conscious to verify their identity and surgical site. In China's high-volume operating rooms, this step is crucial to prevent errors. Spinal anesthesia often induces anxiety, making sedation necessary. An ideal sedative must provide effective anxiolysis while allowing rapid recovery. This study compares remimazolam and midazolam to meet these dual demands and assess their cardiorespiratory safety. Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial compared remimazolam and midazolam for sedation in patients undergoing elective ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia. Patients were assigned to receive either remimazolam (0.1 mg/kg bolus, 0.5-1.0 mg/kg/h infusion) or midazolam (0.07 mg/kg bolus, 0.05-0.1 mg/kg/h infusion). Sedation was titrated to a target Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score of -4. The primary outcome was the recovery time from RASS -4 to -1. Secondary outcomes included onset time, hemodynamic changes, respiratory parameters, and presences of adverse events. Results: Of the 103 patients screened, 56 were eligible and randomized into the remimazolam (n = 28) and midazolam (n = 28) groups. The sedation onset time [1.5 (1.0, 2.0) min vs. 3.1 (2.8, 5.0) min, Conclusion: Remimazolam demonstrated superior recovery in sedation depth, with a significantly shorter time to regain consciousness (RASS -4 to -1), compared with midazolam in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia. No significant differences in circulatory or respiratory parameters were observed between groups, though the study may lack power to detect minor safety effects.