Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41188942›Full record

ArticleVirology journal2025

Genetic characteristics of influenza A/H3N2 virus in Jiaxing, China (2019-2024).

Yin Song, Xue Zhang, Jimei Ji, Lina Li, Yamei Zhou, Ping Li, Ganglin Ren, Shencong Lv, Xiaofei Zhang, Yong Yan and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Virology journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yin Song *Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 486, Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, China. Songyin1995@163.com.
Xue Zhang *Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1238, Wenhua Road, Tongxiang, 314500, China.
Jimei Ji *Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 486, Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, China.
Lina LiJiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 486, Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, China.
Yamei ZhouJiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 486, Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, China.
Ping LiJiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 486, Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, China.
Ganglin RenJiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 486, Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, China.
Shencong LvJiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 486, Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, China.
Xiaofei ZhangJiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 486, Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, China.
Yong YanJiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 486, Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, China. 13567309672@139.com.
Guoying ZhuJiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 486, Wenqiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, China. jxcdczhuguoying@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rapid evolution of influenza A/H3N2 virus underscores the imperative for ongoing surveillance. In this study, we analyzed 7,872 respiratory samples collected from patients with influenza-like symptoms in Jiaxing, China, between 2019 and 2024, selecting 117 influenza A/H3N2 strains for whole-genome sequencing. Between 2019 and 2024, the influenza A/H3N2 virus in Jiaxing experienced six epidemic peaks, evolving from clades 3 C.2a1b.1a/1b, 3 C.2a1b.2, and 3 C.2b1b.2a.2a.3/3b to clade 3 C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1. Compared with the 2019-2021 period, influenza A/H3N2 viruses circulating in Jiaxing during 2022-2024 demonstrated a longer evolutionary distance and increased hemagglutination titers. Additionally, seven novel amino acid substitutions (H156S, Y159N, T160I, S186D, D190N, I192F, N96S) were identified in HA antigenic epitopes of circulating influenza A/H3N2 viruses during 2023-2024. Notably, based on predicted vaccine effectiveness, the 2023-2024 influenza vaccine retained strong protective efficacy. In conclusion, this study characterizes the evolutionary features of influenza A/H3N2 virus in Jiaxing during 2019-2024. These results enhance our understanding of the natural evolution of influenza virus and the emergence of new variants, providing critical insights into influenza vaccine effectiveness.

Indexed as

Influenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeInfluenza, HumanAdolescentAdultAgedAmino Acid SubstitutionChildChild, PreschoolChinaEpitopesEvolution, MolecularFemaleGenome, ViralHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusHumansInfantEpitopesHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusInfluenza VaccinesHemagglutination, amino acid mutation, whole-genome sequencingInfluenza A/H3N2 virusVaccine efficacy

Identifiers

PMID41188942
PMCPMC12584209

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.