SynthesisBMC medicine2025
Structural rather than functional brain alterations that characterize the differences between major depressive disorder and primary insomnia: a comparative meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association of Left Angular Gyrus-Right Middle Frontal Gyrus Functional Connectivity With Insomnia Severity in Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence From the DIRECT Consortium.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and primary insomnia (PI) share overlapping symptoms and neurobiological features, yet they represent distinct clinical entities. Thus, identifying both shared and disorder-specific structural and functional brain alterations is critical for enhancing our mechanistic understanding and improving diagnostic differentiation between these conditions.
methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, covering publications up to April 2024. The seed-based d-mapping software was used to investigate common and distinct abnormalities of gray matter volume (GMV) and resting-state amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) between MDD and PI. Meta-regression analysis was employed to assess the effect of demographic and clinical features on the identified structural and functional characteristics. The study complied with the PRISMA reporting guideline, and the detailed checklist is included in Additional File 2.
resultsAcross 54 GMV and 25 ALFF studies, both MDD and PI showed increased ALFF in the left temporal pole, superior temporal gyrus (STG), and right amygdala relative to healthy controls. Compared to MDD, PI exhibited smaller GMV in the left striatum and median cingulate/paracingulate gyri (DCG), but greater GMV in the right STG, reflecting structural divergence. Functionally, PI showed lower ALFF values in the right cerebellum and parietal regions, but higher ALFF values in the right occipital and temporal areas than MDD. Subgroup analyses conducted in studies within homogenous and key methodological parameters confirmed the robustness of most findings. Meta-regression revealed that functional rather than structural alterations were more strongly associated with the severity of symptoms in both disorders.
conclusionsCommon increased resting-state activation in limbic and temporal circuits may underlie overlapping neurobiological mechanisms between MDD and PI and represent potential transdiagnostic phenotypes. Distinct patterns of structural changes in gray matter, especially in striatum, cingulate, and temporal regions, may represent potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis between these two disorders.
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