ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Pathogenic potential of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from aquatic environment: a study of multidrug resistance and virulence.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emergence, evolution, and global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance: A One Health review.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- A review on hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: An emerging threat to human health.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAmoxicillin is among the most frequently prescribed antibiotics globally, either as monotherapy or in combination with clavulanic acid as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC). However, the prolonged use of AMC and other antibiotics has intensified selection pressure, accelerating the emergence of AMC-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Klebsiella, a member of the ESKAPE pathogens, employs diverse resistance mechanisms against multiple classes of antibiotics. This study was aimed to identify environmental Klebsiella isolates resistant to AMC with MDR phenotype and to investigate the underlying genetic determinants contributing to their resistance and virulence. METHODOLOGY: Water samples were collected from 14 sites, encompassing both wastewater and natural aquatic environments, and screened for AMC resistance on AMC supplemented Klebsiella-Selective agar base media. Antibiotic profiling of AMC resistant isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion test. Phenotypically positive MDR isolates were identified by MALDI-ToF MS. Furthermore, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were selected for PCR based detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor associated genes using plasmid and genomic DNA as a template respectively. Horizontal gene transfer experiment was carried out using K. pneumoniae isolates as donor and plasmid-free and antibiotic sensitive Escherichia coli J
resultsOf the total 178 AMC resistant bacterial isolates, 119 displayed MDR phenotype. Among 63 putative AMC-resistant, MDR isolates exhibiting a non-metallic sheen on EMB agar, MALDI-TOF MS-based identification confirmed 33 to be Klebsiella pneumoniae. PCR based screening for resistance determinants revealed the presence of bla
conclusionOccurrence of hypervirulent, AMC resistant and MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae in aquatic environment is a concern and further studies are required to explore their potential threat in dissemination of resistance and clinical implications.
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