Observational studyBMC emergency medicine2025
Did the legal regulation implemented after acts of violence in healthcare reduce violence?
Observational study in BMC emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The rising tide of workplace violence in the healthcare sector: a global scoping review of burden, determinants, and prevention strategies (2021-2025).Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn Turkey, in May 2022, several legal regulations were introduced to prevent and reduce the increasing incidents of violence in healthcare. In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether legal regulation has an effect on reducing incidents of violence in healthcare.
methodsThis single-center retrospective observational study included data from healthcare workers who received a White Code alert in a tertiary hospital between 01.03.2021 and 01.09.2023. White Code cases were categorized into two groups: before and after the enactment of the legal regulation, known as the healthcare violence law, which was officially published in the Official Gazette.
results132 white code cases were presented in this study. Before the enactment of the healthcare violence law, the proportion of White Code cases in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was 13.1%, whereas after the law, it was found to be 1.4%. Compared to the pre-legislation period, an increase in violence was observed across emergency departments, outpatient clinics, and inpatient wards [32 (52.5%) vs. 36 (50.7%), 20 (32.8%) vs. 29 (40.8%), and 1 (1.6%) vs. 5 (7%), respectively]. A statistically significant shift was noted in the distribution of White Code incident locations (p = 0.026). In the comparison of complainant and attacker genders, 75.75% of female attackers assaulted women, and the rate of women attacking other women was observed to be 2.375 times higher (p = 0.015). The mean age of the attackers who made verbal attacks was found to be higher and more significant than those who made physical attacks (37.42 ± 9.46 vs. 32.83 ± 7.52, p = 0.034 respectively).
conclusionsThe decrease in incidents of violence in the ICU suggests that the legal regulation and the White Code system may have a deterrent effect in such units. In conclusion, these results show that violent incidents have shifted from intensive care units to other areas such as emergency departments, outpatient clinics, and inpatient wards. The higher rate of female perpetrators attacking female victims highlights the need to address gender-based violence risks in healthcare services.
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