ArticleScientific reports2025
Portable mixed reality navigation system for neurosurgery: a clinical feasibility study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a portable mixed reality navigation (PMRN) system for neurosurgery and assess its feasibility, providing design insights for the optimization and wider adoption of mixed reality navigation. The PMRN system linked a head-mounted display (HMD) and a portable laptop via a router, forming a local network. Active infrared tracking enabled real-time localization of a custom surgical probe. Accuracy was first tested in a laboratory using simulation models, then evaluated in a prospective clinical study of 42 patients with intracranial lesions. Clinically, the probe of a traditional optical navigation (TON) system was placed at PMRN-localized targets, and the Euclidean distance between the two systems was measured to quantify localization error. Doctors also subjectively assessed the alignment of mixed reality holograms with patient anatomy to evaluate reliability. In laboratory testing, two doctors each performed 10 simulated head model localizations, with an average time of under 5 min. The times decreased with practice and stabilized at approximately 3.5 min. The maximum fiducial registration error (FRE) and target registration error (TRE) were 2.5 mm and 2.3 mm, respectively, with no significant difference between doctors. In the clinical study (n = 42 patients), the mean localization time was 4.3 ± 1.0 min, the FRE was 2.2 ± 0.7 mm, and the TRE was 1.7 ± 0.5 mm. Doctors rated the hologram-patient alignment as satisfactory in 40 cases (95%); the remaining two cases showed a 3 mm deviation, which was attributed to slight patient movement or reduced device performance in low-battery mode. The PMRN system is portable, easy to use, and achieves millimeter-level accuracy in neurosurgical procedures with high surgeon satisfaction. It meets the needs of most routine operations but requires further refinement for submillimeter-precision procedures. These results confirm its clinical feasibility and support its further development and adoption in mixed reality neurosurgical navigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.