ArticleScientific reports2025
Smart antenna with reconfigurable polarization for future generation of mm-wave communication.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reconfigurable antennas with polarization agility are critical for modern millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems, enabling improved link reliability, interference mitigation, and system adaptability. This paper presents a dual-band, polarization-reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on a square patch notched at two opposite corners and loaded with four PIN diodes. A defected ground structure (DGS) is introduced to enhance circular polarization purity and extend bandwidth. The antenna operates over two frequency bands: 27-29 GHz (lower band) and 32-32.6 GHz (upper band). By appropriately biasing the PIN diodes, the antenna can generate either left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) or right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) in the lower band, while maintaining linear polarization in the upper band, providing multifunctional operation within a compact design. Simulated results confirm impedance matching in the 27-29 GHz band, with a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 27.42-28.22 GHz and a minimum axial ratio of 0.2 dB near 28 GHz, indicating excellent polarization purity. The antenna achieves peak gain above 6.2 dBic in both circular polarizations at the lower band and 7.2 dBi in the upper band with linear polarization. Efficiencies reach 84% at 28 GHz and over 76% at 32.3 GHz. The antenna, feed network, defected ground structure, and biasing circuits are integrated in a three-layer PCB with sub-50 μm precision traces enabled by LPKF laser prototyping, ensuring minimal parasitics. Experimental measurements show good agreement with simulations. These results validate the proposed antenna as an efficient, compact, and versatile solution for polarization-reconfigurable mm-wave communication, with advantages in adaptability, integration, and performance stability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.