ArticlePloS one2025
Associations of serum pepsinogen and Gastrin-17 with Helicobacter pylori infection, sex, and age, in an asymptomatic coastal population: A cross-sectional study in Rizhao, China.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Gastric Mucosa Cancer Risk: The Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment Staging System.The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPepsinogen (PG) and gastrin-17 (G-17) are widely used in the screening of gastric diseases. Our cross-sectional clinical study investigates the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, sex, and age on serum levels of PG and G-17 in asymptomatic subjects in Rizhao, China.
methodsA total of 12,746 asymptomatic subjects were enrolled in the study between August 2023 and January 2024. Serum levels of pepsinogen I (PGI), pepsinogen II (PGII), and G-17 were measured using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method, and the PGI/PGII ratio (PGR) was calculated. HP infection was detected using the Colloidal Gold Method, and the relationship between age, sex, HP infection, and serum PG and G-17 levels was analyzed.
resultsHP prevalence was 19.33% in this study. The serum PGI, PGII, and G-17 levels were significantly higher in the HP-positive group compared to the HP-negative group (P < 0.001), whereas the PGR was notably lower in the HP-positive group (P < 0.001). Spearman correlation tests analysis indicated a positive correlation between HP infection and PGI, PGII, and G-17 (r = 0.144, P < 0.001; r = 0.418, P < 0.001; r = 0.268, P < 0.001), and a negative correlation with PGR (r = -0.438, P < 0.001). ROC curve shows that the AUC of the combination of PGI, PGII, PGR, and G-17 in diagnosing HP positive were 0.605 (95% CI: 0.592-0.618), 0.805 (95% CI: 0.795-0.816), 0.820 (95% CI: 0.811-0.830), and 0.709 (95% CI: 0.698-0.720), respectively. The detection rates of abnormal PG and G-17 levels were significantly higher in the HP-positive group than in the HP-negative group (P < 0.01). Males exhibited significantly higher levels of both PGI and PGII than females (P < 0.001). The G-17 levels were higher in males than females in the 50-59 age group (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that serum levels of both PGI and PGII exhibited an increase with age. Serum PGI, PGII, and G-17 levels were positively correlated with age, although the relationship was weak (r = 0.228, P < 0.001; r = 0.246, P < 0.001; r = 0.042, P < 0.001). Following adjustment for sex and Helicobacter pylori infection covariates using a restricted cubic spline (RCS), the analysis revealed a significant overall association between PGI, PGII, PGR, and G-17 serum levels and age (P for overall < 0.001, P for overall < 0.001, P for overall = 0.003, and P for overall < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was found between PGI, PGR, and G-17 levels and age (nonlinear P = 0.004, nonlinear P = 0.001, and nonlinear P = 0.008, respectively), whereas PGII exhibited a linear correlation (nonlinear P = 0.841).
conclusionSerum levels of PG and G-17 are associated with HP infection, sex, and age. These findings provide region-specific insights into the relationships between these biomarkers and HP infection, highlighting the importance of considering HP infection status, sex, and age in future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.