Detection and characterization of human bocaparvovirus in children with and without acute gastroenteritis in African-descendant community of Northern Brazil.

Human bocaparvovirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus with worldwide distribution, may be associated with cases of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). To date, four types of HBoV have been characterized: HBoV1, HBoV2, HBoV3 and HBoV4. This study aimed to investigate HBoV in asymptomatic and symptomatic children for AGE from a Quilombola community located in Northern, Brazil, during April 2008 to September 2010. A total of 300 fecal specimens were collected and viral genomic DNA was extracted, amplified using the PCR assay, and subject to sequencing to determine HBoV genotype. HBoV was detected in 11.3% (34/300) of the samples, 12.50% (12/96) from symptomatic and 10.78% (22/204) asymptomatic children. Co-detection with other enteric viruses was reported in 20.6% (7/34) of specimens. Three genotypes of HBoV were detected with the most predominance of HBoV1 (64.7%), followed by HBoV4 (20.6%) and HBoV2 (14.7%). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Brazilian HBoV are closely related with strains from South America, Asia, Africa and Oceania. This is the first description of HBoV in a Quilombola community in Brazil, and this study highlights the ability of the virus to remain in silent circulation in the community, reinforce the need for active monitoring in order to avoid problems public health futures.