ArticleOncology and therapy2025
Evaluation of Event-Free Survival as a Surrogate Endpoint for Overall Survival in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in Oncology and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEvent-free survival (EFS), a common endpoint in neoadjuvant/perioperative oncology trials, allows for accelerated treatment evaluation while awaiting results of overall survival (OS). However, the surrogacy of EFS for OS in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has yet to be established. This meta-analysis evaluated EFS as a surrogate endpoint for OS in neoadjuvant-treated MIBC.
methodsA systematic literature review identified neoadjuvant or perioperative clinical trials for MIBC reporting both EFS and OS. Treatment effect association was evaluated by assessing the association of the hazard ratio (HR) of EFS with that of OS. Survival outcome associations were evaluated by assessing the associations of survival rates and median survival times between EFS and OS, respectively. These associations were meta-analyzed using weighted linear regression. The strength of association was quantified using coefficient of determination (R
resultsSeven eligible trials were identified for the analysis of treatment effect association and 17 trials were included in the analyses of survival outcome associations. Strong association was observed between EFS and OS at treatment effect level (R
conclusionsEFS is strongly associated with OS in respect to treatment effects and survival outcome measures in clinical trials for MIBC following neoadjuvant treatment. EFS can be considered as a surrogate endpoint for OS when evaluating neoadjuvant treatments for MIBC.
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Registered trials
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