ArticleFish physiology and biochemistry2025
Effect of dietary additives based on essential oils of Lemongrass and Chamomile on the zootechnical performance and physiological stress response of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in aquaculture.
Article in Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Oils in Aquafeeds: Mechanistic Perspectives on Growth Promotion, Immunomodulation, and Stress Resilience.Aquaculture nutrition · 2026Review
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8 authors.
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Abstract
This preliminary study investigates the impact of dietary supplementation with 2 mL/kg of either lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) or chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) essential oils on the welfare of European seabass. To simulate typical operational stress, the fish (520 days post-hatching; 156.48 ± 25.05g) were subjected to a 15-min acute stressor, mimicking offshore sampling for biometric measurements, on days 15 and 33 of the feeding trial. Our results showed that these additives did not cause any signs of disease, toxicity, or mortality. They revealed significant effects of these essential oils (p < 0.05), particularly the lemongrass-enriched diet, on fish appetite and daily feed intake, as well as on growth performance (weight gain per month, specific growth rate, and thermal growth coefficient) and feed utilization (condition factor, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio). These parameters progressively improved over the duration of administration (p < 0.001). Positive effects were observed on organosomatic indices, with improvements in the hepatosomatic index and a reduction in the visceral fat index. Furthermore, these oil-enriched diets significantly improved total protein levels and hematocrit percentages (p < 0.001). This increase persisted over time (p < 0.01) and was not affected by stress induced by the sampling operation. Cortisol, lactate, and glucose levels fluctuated depending on the diets and duration of administration, but remained within normal ranges for healthy fish. There was also individual variability among fish within the same feeding group regarding these zootechnical and physiological responses. Finally, the bacterial load of Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, and total flora in the intestinal and skin mucus of seabass decreased after one month of feeding with essential-oil-based diets, particularly with chamomile. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of lemongrass and chamomile essential oils appears to offer promising anxiolytic and immunomodulatory benefits. However, further investigations are warranted to confirm their viability as a nutritional strategy to enhance the welfare and resilience of D. labrax in Mediterranean aquaculture.
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