Ratio of HbA

Diabetes has become one of a major disease in the world, therefore, we present a low-cost, miniaturization device. In this study, human whole blood was used as sample, and ring-shaped interdigital electrodes were used to detect the proportion of glycated hemoglobin in the whole hemoglobin. In order to determine the proportion of glycated hemoglobin, first, we use the electric field generated by the electrodes to lysis the red blood cells and obtain the intracellular HbA1c. Next, the solution which lysis previously containing glycated hemoglobin, is propelled through micro-channels by a pump. The protein is then immobilized by applying a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The amount of attached protein directly impacts the electric field passing through and subsequently induces variations in AC impedance. These impedance changes serve as the basis for detecting and quantifying the glycated hemoglobin levels accurately. By summing up the result of impedance changes, different proportions of glycated hemoglobin can be detected. The measurement system instrument was used to calculate the protein impedance deviation to successfully detect 5% to 6% of the glycated hemoglobin, that improved the defects of common other measurement instruments, which are not easy to carry and have high cost. The concentration of HbA1c can be identified only by measuring the impedance, and used human whole blood as a sample directly. So this study has potential for clinical applications.