Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41186671›Full record

ArticleJournal of molecular histology2025

D-limonene attenuates D-galactose-induced skin aging mouse model.

Rana Jawad Hasan AlBairmani, Elaf Mahmood Shihab, Hayder Ridha-Salman, Haitham Mahmood Kadhim, Rawaa M Mohammed, Samer Salim Shahooth, Mayssaa E Abdalah, Zinah Essam Hameed, Salim K Hajwal, Omar Waleed Albasri and 2 more

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of molecular histology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Antifungal Effects ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Rana Jawad Hasan AlBairmaniDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2245-2566
Elaf Mahmood ShihabDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9390-0440
Hayder Ridha-SalmanCollege of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq. hayder80.ridha@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1594-4883
Haitham Mahmood KadhimDepartment of Pharmacy, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8097-2560
Rawaa M MohammedCollege of Nursing, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babylon, 51001,, Iraq.
Samer Salim ShahoothCollege of Medicine, Ibn Sina University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-1213-9441
Mayssaa E AbdalahDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2333-1465
Zinah Essam HameedPharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-9391
Salim K HajwalCollege of Nursing, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babylon, 51001,, Iraq.
Omar Waleed AlbasriDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-779X
Lina Sami AdhamBasic Science Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9949-6783
Yasser Kadhim Al-ZwainiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-0238

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Skin aging is a prominent manifestation of human aging, largely driven by oxidative stress and inflammation. D-limonene, a natural monoterpene, possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may help counteract these effects. This study aimed to explore the anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating potential of D-limonene in a mouse model of D-galactose-induced skin aging. 60 male mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 10). Group I served as the control. Group II received D-galactose (500 mg/kg) for 42 days to induce aging. Groups III and IV received vitamin C (100 mg/kg) either concurrently with D-galactose or after aging induction, respectively. Groups V and VI received D-limonene (100 mg/kg) either simultaneously with D-galactose or after induction. This design allowed comparison of protective versus therapeutic effects. Both concurrent and post-treatment with D-limonene substantially decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and the oxidative stress marker MDA, while enhancing antioxidant components (SOD and GPx) and promoting the synthesis of collagen types I and III. Additionally, it improved skin thickness and histomorphological scores, restoring normal skin architecture. D-limonene exerts potent anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating effects by modulating oxidation and inflammatory markers, suggesting its potential as a preventive and curative anti-aging agent.

Indexed as

CyclohexenesGalactoseSkin AgingTerpenesAnimalsAntioxidantsAscorbic AcidCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalLimoneneMaleMiceOxidative StressSkinAntioxidantsAscorbic AcidCyclohexenesCytokinesGalactoseLimoneneTerpenesD-Galactose, D-limoneneNatural antioxidantsSkin agingTerpenes

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.