ArticlePhysiological reports2025
Surface and intradermal temperature responses of adults to ambient heat stress with and without cooling.
Article in Physiological reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and Optimization of Retinyl Palmitate-Loaded Oleogel and Nanoemulsion Designed with Potential for Microneedling Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Surface and intradermal temperature responses of adults to ambient heat stress with and without cooling.Physiological reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Accurate measurement of skin temperature is crucial to understanding responses to heat. We tested the hypothesis that intradermal temperature would differ from skin surface temperature during ambient heating with and without fan and water spray (24°C). Nine healthy adults rested in an environmental chamber maintained at 40°C and 15% relative humidity with and without fan, fan + water spray, and water spray. We assessed temperature in the dermal space (intradermal) and on the skin surface (surface) using thermocouple microprobes. In addition, we measured skin temperature using a standard uninsulated thermocouple taped to the skin (standard). During heating intradermal (35.3 ± 0.6°C) was lower than standard (35.9 ± 0.5°C; p = 0.005), but not surface (36.0 ± 0.7°C; p = 0.056) temperature. With the fan, intradermal (36.9 ± 0.5°C) was lower than both surface (37.8 ± 0.7°C; p < 0.001) and standard (37.4 ± 0.5°C; p = 0.005) temperature. With fan + water spray, intradermal (32.3 ± 1.5°C) was higher than standard (30.3 ± 2.2°C; p = 0.022), but not different from surface (30.8 ± 1.7°C; p = 0.125) temperature. With water spray alone, intradermal (31.9 ± 1.4°C) was higher than both surface (30.6 ± 1.7°C; p = 0.035) and standard (30.4 ± 1.3°C; p = 0.031) temperature. In the heat, skin temperature measured on the surface is higher than intradermal temperature. When cool water was applied to the skin, surface temperature was lower than intradermal temperature.
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Registered trials
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