Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41186062›Full record

ArticleBJPsych open2025

Adjudications and self-harm in prisons during COVID-19: three-year longitudinal analysis of the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway in England and Wales.

Steven M Gillespie, Andrew Jones, Laura J Broome, Matthew J Tonkin, Aisling O'Meara, Carine Lewis, Rachael Dagnall, Shadd Maruna, Jason Davies

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Article in BJPsych open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Steven M GillespieDepartment of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7789-5381
Andrew JonesSchool of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Laura J BroomeSchool of Psychology, Swansea Universityhttps://ror.org/053fq8t95, Swansea, UK.
Matthew J TonkinSchool of Criminology, Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Aisling O'MearaOffender Personality Disorder Pathway, Ministry of Justice, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-7471
Carine LewisOffender Personality Disorder Pathway, Ministry of Justice, London, UK.
Rachael DagnallSchool of Psychology, Sports Science and Wellbeing, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
Shadd MarunaDepartment of Sociology, Social Policy & Criminology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Jason DaviesSchool of Psychology, Swansea Universityhttps://ror.org/053fq8t95, Swansea, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-5370

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe effects of pandemic-related restrictions on people in prisons who tend to have multiple complex health needs are not well understood.

aimsWe aimed to measure changes in adjudications and self-harm among people in prisons before and during the pandemic.

methodWe examined effects of time and demographic characteristics on odds and counts of adjudications and self-harm over a three-year period, starting one year before the COVID-19 pandemic, in 861 individuals from 21 Offender Personality Disorder Pathway prison sites.

resultsThe odds of adjudicating were lower in people of older age (odds ratio 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99)), and during COVID-19 year one (odds ratio 0.37 (95% CI: 0.23-0.60)) and year two (odds ratio 0.40 (95% CI: 0.25-0.65)) compared to pre-COVID-19. Being of White ethnicity was associated with increased odds (odds ratio 4.42 (95% CI: 2.06-9.47)) and being older was associated with reduced odds (odds ratio 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99)) of self-harm. The odds of self-harm were significantly reduced during COVID-19 year two (odds ratio 0.45 (95% CI: 0.26-0.78)), but not during COVID-19 year one (odds ratio 0.68 (95% CI: 0.40-1.14)), compared with the 12 months before COVID-19.

conclusionsAlthough adjudications and self-harm were generally lower during the pandemic, younger people showed increased odds of adjudications and self-harm compared with older people, while White people showed increased odds of self-harm compared with people of the global majority. Our findings highlight the importance of considering potential health inequities and environmental effects of lockdowns for people in prisons.

Indexed as

Conduct disorderspersonality disordersprisonpsychiatry and lawsocial functioning

Identifiers

PMID41186062
PMCPMC12641410

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