ArticleCureus2025
Prevalence of Undiagnosed Depression and Its Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates Among Adult Patients Attending a Medical Outpatient Department.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDepression is a prevalent and debilitating mental health disorder that is often undiagnosed, particularly in medical outpatient departments (OPDs), where patients may present with somatic symptoms.
objectiveThis study aims to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed depression and explore its sociodemographic and clinical correlates in adult patients attending an OPD.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at Bahria International Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from June 2024 to December 2024. A total of 350 adult patients were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire that included both sociodemographic and clinical information. Sociodemographic data collected included age, gender, marital status, education level, employment status, and socioeconomic status.
resultsThe study found that 125 (35.7%) participants had clinically significant depression, with 56 (44.8%) of these cases being undiagnosed. Sociodemographic factors such as lower socioeconomic status (p = 0.04) and marital status (divorced/widowed) (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with undiagnosed depression. Hypertension (p = 0.02) and diabetes (p = 0.01) were also significant predictors of undiagnosed depression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender (OR = 1.45, p = 0.04), lower education levels (OR = 2.10, p = 0.02), and the presence of two or more chronic conditions (OR = 1.75, p = 0.02) were independently associated with undiagnosed depression.
conclusionThe findings highlight the high prevalence of undiagnosed depression in medical OPD patients, particularly among those with chronic medical conditions. Routine screening for depression in OPDs, especially for patients with chronic diseases, is essential to ensure early detection and improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of undiagnosed depression and to develop targeted interventions for high-risk groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.