ArticleCureus2025
The Impact of Racial Disparities and Social Determinants of Health on Postoperative Outcomes After Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure).
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Psychosocial adversity captured by ICD-10 Z-codes and mortality risk: evidence from the UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPancreatectomy, particularly the Whipple procedure, is the standard surgical treatment for resectable pancreatic head tumors but carries high complication rates. Evidence suggests that race and social determinants of health (SDOH) may influence postoperative outcomes, but these disparities remain underexplored in pancreatic surgery.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of race and SDOH on postoperative complication rates following pancreatectomy, using a large electronic health record dataset.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX Research Network. Patients undergoing Whipple procedures were identified by the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 48150. Postoperative complications were defined by ICD-10 codes T81 and K91. SDOH were identified using ICD-10 Z55-Z65 codes. Patients were stratified by race (White, Black, Asian, Hispanic) and SDOH status. Primary outcomes compared complication rates across racial groups. Secondary outcomes evaluated the relative risk (RR) of complications within each racial group by SDOH status, benchmarked against White patients.
resultsAmong 11,546 patients, complication rates did not significantly differ between White (3649/9027, 40.4%), Black (457/1197, 38.2%), or Hispanic (349/874, 39.9%) patients, but were lower in Asian patients (157/448, 35.0%; p = 0.0234). The presence of SDOH was associated with higher complication rates across all groups. Only Black patients demonstrated a statistically significantly greater relative increase in complication risk due to SDOH compared with White patients (RR 1.52 vs. 1.51; Z = -0.19; p < 0.0001). No significant disparities related to SDOH were observed in the Hispanic or Asian groups.
conclusionsIn this multicenter analysis of pancreatectomy (Whipple procedures), complication rates were high across all racial groups, and race alone, both with and without adjustment for social determinants of health, was not a consistent predictor of outcomes. Black patients with documented SDOH had a small but statistically significant increase in complications compared to White patients with similar social risk, suggesting a modest impact that warrants further investigation. These findings highlight the importance of considering both race and SDOH when addressing disparities in surgical outcomes.
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