ArticleInternational journal of cancer2026
Sustained impact of bivalent HPV immunisation on CIN incidence over two rounds of cervical screening.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Elimination of HPV-associated cancers: universal HPV vaccination and the role of anal screening - a meeting report.BMC proceedings · 2026Article
- Sustained impact of bivalent HPV immunisation on CIN incidence over two rounds of cervical screening.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccination against high-risk HPV has been shown to reduce significantly the incidence of pre-invasive and invasive cervical disease. Clinical trials show immunity and vaccine effectiveness for over 12 years but real-life longitudinal data are lacking. Vaccination with the bivalent vaccine (3 dose schedule) for women aged 12-18 years began in Scotland in 2008; immunised women entered screening in 2010. Women immunised at age12-13 years entered screening in 2015. Linked data from ≤12 years of routine screening activity shows adjusted VE against CIN2+ at age 12-13 of 72·6% (95%CI: 67.7-76.8) and at age 14-16 of 63·2 (CI 60·4-65·8), and against CIN3+ of 81·7 (CI 76·2-78·6; age 12-13) and 68·1 (CI 64·1-71·6; age 14-16) after 3 doses or two doses 5 months apart. Adjusted VE following two doses 1 month apart or one dose only at age14 was 20.5 (95%CI: 6.1-32.6) for CIN2+ and 34.9 (95%CI:17.0-48.9) for CIN3+. No benefit was seen with vaccination over the age of 18 years. The most deprived women showed the highest incidence of CIN2+ and CIN3+, and the greatest reduction in CIN2+ and CIN3+ following complete immunisation. Herd protection is seen in all immunised cohorts. This population based analysis confirms the long-term effectiveness of the bivalent HPV vaccine, greatest in women from the most deprived areas and reinforces the importance of ensuring high vaccine uptake rates at an early age.
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