Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41185104›Full record

ArticleWaste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA2026

Food and plastic waste generation at a large-scale religious festival and implications for sustainable management.

Hana Kadum, Hussien L Algboory, Nameer Khairullah Mohammed, Belal J Muhialdin, Viachaslau Filimonau

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In one paragraph

Article in Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hana KadumBiology Department, College of Science, Al-Muthana University, Samawah, Iraq.
Hussien L AlgbooryUniversity of Information Technology and Communications Biomedical Information College, Baghdad, Iraq.
Nameer Khairullah MohammedDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
Belal J MuhialdinNutrition and Food Science Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA.
Viachaslau FilimonauBusiness School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7353-5696

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large-scale religious events generate considerable amounts of solid waste calling for dedicated research to quantify wastage, explore its drivers, understand stakeholder perceptions and design effective management strategies. Responding to this call, this study investigated the generation of food and plastic waste during the 2023 Arba'een pilgrimage in Karbala, Iraq, one of the world's largest annual religious festivals. A mixed-methods research design was employed combining quantitative waste audits, conducted over 20 days at selected mawkibs (volunteer-run foodservice stations) and municipal waste disposal points, with qualitative semi-structured interviews (

Indexed as

FoodPlasticsRefuse DisposalSolid WasteWaste ManagementHumansIraqReligionPlasticsSolid WastehospitalityMega eventpilgrimagereligious tourismsolid waste generationsustainability

Identifiers

PMID41185104
PMCPMC12988016

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.