Trial reportNutrition journal2025
Discovery of urinary biomarkers of kiwifruit intake in a randomized intervention study.
Trial report in Nutrition journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Polyphenol-Rich Foods as a Healthy and Sustainable Strategy: Mental Health and Metabolomic Profiling.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Trial
- Blood-based biomarkers of protein digestibility, utilization, and nitrogen excretion in animals: Concepts, evidence, and applications.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundKiwifruit is widely recognized for its nutritional value and health benefits, yet reliable and objective methods for assessing kiwifruit intake in populations remain limited.
objectiveThis study aimed to identify urinary biomarkers of kiwifruit intake and develop an optimal biomarker panel for differentiating consumers within days.
methodsA randomized, controlled, crossover dietary intervention was conducted among 17 healthy volunteers. The intervention included four phases: run-in, single-exposure, repeat-exposure, and follow-up. Urine samples at multiple time-point and fruit samples were prepared and analyzed using untargeted metabolomics via dual-column ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Candidate biomarkers were identified through a systematic statistical strategy on kinetic profiles within 24 h, and annotated for potential fruit-derived origin through spectral matching. Machine learning algorithms were employed to establish an optimal biomarker panel for assessing kiwifruit intake under habitual diet conditions.
resultsTwenty-three urinary metabolites showed significantly elevated kinetic profiles, among which 15 were matched to compounds detected in the original fruit or in vitro digestion samples. These metabolites mainly included polyphenol-related metabolites and plant-derived amino acid derivatives. The excretion of many metabolites turned to be delayed compared to those typically observed for other fruits. For example, 2-isopropylmalic acid usually peaked in urine or blood within 6 h of consuming other fruits, but in our study urinary level at 24 h was much higher compared to 6 h. Most of the selected candidates are not specific to kiwifruit based on existing literature, such as hippuric acid. In this regard, an XGBoost algorithm-based model using 7 metabolites achieved substantial discriminative performance (accuracy = 0.88) in predicting kiwifruit intake within two days.
conclusionsThis study identified potential biomarkers of kiwifruit and developed a prediction model that may differentiate consumers. Further validation is necessary to confirm the reliability and generalizability of our findings.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100048279. Registered on July 5, 2021.
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