ArticleBMC women's health2025
Long-term waist circumference and diabetes risk in premenopausal women: role of shared risk factors.
Article in BMC women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe menopausal transition, a critical period for midlife women's health, is marked by visceral fat redistribution. Although obesity and diabetes share common risk factors, their independent contributions to health risk remain unclear. This study investigated the association between 10-year mean waist circumference (WC) and incident type 2 diabetes in premenopausal women, and evaluated the impact of shared risk factors on both measures.
methodsUsing data from a community-based cohort with 16 years of follow-up, 1,482 premenopausal women at baseline were analyzed. The mean WC over 10 years was assessed, and its impact on incident type 2 diabetes over the subsequent six years was evaluated using Cox proportional models and visualized via mixed graphical model. Numerous demographics, lifestyle, genetic, and metabolic factors were considered shared risk factors.
resultsOver 10 years, WC increased by 0.22 cm annually (mean WC 78.3 cm). In the subsequent six years, 88 new cases of type 2 diabetes were identified. The mean WC varied with age, study area, education level, parental diabetes, alcohol consumption, and metabolic factors. Additionally, each 1 cm increase in the mean WC raised type 2 diabetes risk by 8% (95% CI: 1.05-1.11). Genetic factors; current smoking; and baseline metabolic factors were also independently associated with type 2 diabetes risk. This association persisted in women who transitioned to menopause during follow-up.
conclusionsThe association between higher WC during the menopausal transition and type 2 diabetes risk was observed. Comprehensive interventions aimed at lowering abdominal obesity could help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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