ArticleBMC oral health2025
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the attitude and confidence with oral healthcare among nursing students (ACORN) scale: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNursing students’ attitudes and confidence in oral healthcare are essential for service improvement. While the Attitude and Confidence with Oral Healthcare among Nursing Students (ACORN) scale is a validated assessment tool, its reliability and validity in China remain unverified. This study aims to translate the ACORN scale into Chinese and evaluate its validity and reliability among nursing students.
methodsThis cross-sectional methodological study involved the translation and validation of the ACORN scale into Chinese. A total of 474 nursing students from two universities in China were surveyed between February and April 2024 using the finalized Chinese version of the scale. Eight nursing education experts verified the content validity by assessing the relevance and clarity of the items. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) samples comprised 237 students, respectively, to test the structural validity of the inventory. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α and Spearman-Brown split-half reliability, test-retest reliability was evaluated to determine the stability of the scale.
resultsA total of 474 students were included. The Chinese ACORN scale consists of 24 items organized into four factors. The item-level and scale-level content validity index was 0.891 and 0.906, respectively. EFA identified four factors, accounting for 72.626% of the cumulative variance; CFA supported a good model fit. The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (0.938). Additionally, the test-retest and Spearman-Brown split-half reliability were 0.906 and 0.729, respectively.
conclusionsThe Chinese ACORN scale demonstrated strong validity and reliability, making it a suitable tool for assessing nursing students’ attitudes and confidence in oral healthcare. Its application can inform targeted nursing curriculum enhancements and training interventions and guide clinical training to better integrate oral healthcare into nursing practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.