Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41184648›Full record

ReviewThe ultrasound journal2025

Performance and development trends of ultrasound diagnostic systems in military settings: a review.

Chang Lu, He-Jing Huang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The ultrasound journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Chang LuDepartment of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China.
He-Jing HuangDepartment of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China. huanghejinga@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the evolving challenges of modern warfare, battlefield medical support systems are often required to enhance capabilities in rapid response, flexible deployment, and modular integration. Ultrasound diagnostic systems, appreciated for their portability and ability to provide real-time imaging without ionizing radiation, have been investigated for potential use in early injury screening and rapid assessment in combat and pre-hospital settings. This review provides an overview of representative battlefield-adapted ultrasound systems, such as the Sonosite M-Turbo, Edge II, and GE Vscan Extend, and discusses their reported limitations, including issues with deployment reliability, image quality, operational complexity, and telecommunication capability. Emerging technological directions are explored, including artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis, multimodal integration, adaptation to extreme environments, and integration with unmanned platforms. Furthermore, a conceptual framework is proposed, focusing on areas such as research and development, standardization, deployment at combat nodes, and training infrastructure, which may contribute to future advancements. The goal is to provide insights that could guide the future development and strategic planning of next-generation tactical medical imaging systems.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceBattlefield ultrasoundCombat casualty careMilitary medical systemsMilitary medicineMilitary telemedicinePoint-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)Tactical medicine

Identifiers

PMID41184648
PMCPMC12583298

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.