ArticleScientific reports2025
Risk assessment of heavy metals in north of Iran (Sari) rice and implications for human health.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioaccessibility and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Commercially Available Rice from Central Iran: Implications for Food Safety.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Ternary composite amendments of sludge-humic acid-fertilizer for mineral mud paddy field utilization.iScience · 2026Article
- Health risk assessment of combined exposure to heavy metals diazinon and mycotoxins in Iranian rice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Rice, as a global staple food, requires safety monitoring to protect public health. This study evaluated heavy metal contamination in rice crops in Sari, Iran using hazard quotients (HQ) and cancer risk assessment (ILCR). In this study, 144 rice samples were collected-comprising 48 samples from each of the three dominant local brands (H, Sh, and B)-across 16 rice mills situated in the four cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) of Sari (Iran) between June and September 2022. The concentration of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) was performed using a Metrohm 797 VA Computrace polarographic trace analyzer (Metrohm, Germany). Results showed mean concentrations of 2.77 ± 2.14 (Pb), < 0.0001 (Cd), 3.95 ± 2.11 (Cu), and 11.73 ± 5.62 mg/kg (Zn), with Pb exceeding safety limits (0.2 mg/kg) in all samples. Risk assessment indicated significant non-carcinogenic risk from Pb (HQ > 1), while other metals posed acceptable risks. Spatial analysis revealed Pb hotspots near the Caspian Sea (9.88 mg/kg) versus southern regions (0.38 mg/kg), reflecting anthropogenic pressures from tourism and wastewater irrigation in coastal areas. Contamination patterns followed land use: northern highways (Pb), eastern farms (Zn/Cu from fertilizers), and urban centers (multiple metals). These findings mirror global coastal pollution dynamics, showing cleaner rural versus polluted urban-adjacent fields. We recommend immediate agricultural interventions including source identification and remediation strategies, particularly for Pb mitigation. Comprehensive coordination between environmental management and agricultural practices represents the optimal approach for simultaneously protecting human health and ecosystem stability in Mazandaran vital rice production areas.
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