Trial reportScientific reports2025
Single epidural bolus hydromorphone for acute postpartum pain after vaginal delivery: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determination of the ED90 for Epidural Hydromorphone and Morphine for Postoperative Pain Using a Biased-Coin Up-and-Down Sequential Design After Elective Cesarean Delivery.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Auricular magnetic bead acupressure improves postpartum sleep quality and fatigue, and reduces epidural-related maternal fever in primiparas: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Postpartum pain significantly affects maternal recovery and overall health, underscoring the need for effective analgesic strategies. In this randomized controlled trial, 460 term parturients who underwent vaginal delivery were assigned to receive either a single epidural bolus of hydromorphone (HY group, n = 230) or an equivalent volume of normal saline (NS group, n = 230). Within 48 h postpartum, pain scores were significantly lower in the HY group than in the NS group (p < 0.001), with a greater proportion of women achieving pain scores ≤ 3 (76.47% vs. 27.93%; OR = 8.39, 97.5% CI 5.15-13.67). The HY group required fewer supplemental analgesics (6.79% vs. 24.77%; OR = 0.22, 97.5% CI 0.11-0.44), and the time to first rescue analgesia was prolonged (15.63 ± 5.98 vs. 12.01 ± 5.01 h). Although the incidence of adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, pruritus, and urinary retention, was greater in the HY group (p < 0.05), sleep disturbances were less common (5.43% vs. 30.18%; RR = 0.13). Furthermore, the HY Group exhibited superior maternal satisfaction (p < 0.001) and enhanced post-partum autonomy (p = 0.009), whereas no between-group differences in inflammatory markers were observed. Low-dose epidural hydromorphone provides effective postpartum pain management and represents a viable approach for acute postpartum analgesia, contingent on a favorable risk-benefit profile.Trial registration number: ChiCTR2200064687 (registration date: October 14, 2022; https://www.chictr.org.cn/ ).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.