ArticlePloS one2025
A thematic analysis of flu vaccine hesitance in ethnically minoritised communities in Liverpool.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeasonal influenza causes around 15,000 deaths yearly in the United Kingdom. Low vaccine uptake is more prominent in ethnically minoritised communities and deprived areas, leading to poorer outcomes.
aimsTo understand influenza vaccine hesitance in ethnically minoritised communities in Liverpool from multistakeholder perspectives.
methodsSemi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with members of the public (n = 55), community engagement workers (n = 14), primary healthcare staff (n = 20), and policy professionals (n = 10). Data were analysed thematically.
resultsSix themes were identified. Beliefs about vaccine safety, necessity, and efficacy often arose from misinformation, misunderstanding, or negative experience. Trust in vaccine information depended on source familiarity, credibility, and perceived intentions, while trust in the healthcare system had decreased due to cultural and COVID-19 concerns. Accessibility of accurate vaccine information was poor, due to language and literacy barriers. Community opinions/experience shaped perceptions, while community organisations were trusted but needed resources/stability. Healthcare staff described low morale, time/resource constraints, and uncertainty in addressing cultural concerns. Ultimately, Alliance indicated a desire for better integration between healthcare and communities, particularly for developing/distributing accurate, culturally relevant, and accessible information.
conclusionTo address influenza vaccine hesitance, stakeholders should collaborate to improve access to reliable information (to support development of pro-vaccine beliefs) via tailored communication and culturally informed training for healthcare staff; aim to increase trust by, for example, ensuring access to familiar staff and employing community members; and foster alliance via long-term support of community organisations through funding, accurate information, and training.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.