ArticleDiabetes/metabolism research and reviews2025
Long-Term Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Use Is Not Associated With Increased Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cancer outcomes and biological mechanisms among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Obesity-related thyroid reflections: from weight gain to weight loss.European thyroid journal · 2026Review
- How Negative Controls Are Used in Pharmacoepidemiology: A Methodological Scoping Review of Real-World Observational Studies of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Long-Term Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Use Is Not Associated With Increased Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity, but their potential association with thyroid cancer remains a concern. This study assessed thyroid cancer risk with long-term GLP-1RA use in a large real-world cohort.
methodsWe conducted a propensity score matched cohort study using electronic health records from TriNetX, including 89,646 adults with T2DM who initiated GLP-1RA therapy between 2014 and 2020, and demonstrated continued use for at least 1 year. Active comparator controls included users of insulin, metformin, sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones. The primary outcome was the incidence of thyroid cancer.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 4.5 ± 2.3 years, GLP-1RA use was not associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer compared with any of the other antidiabetic medications. As expected, GLP-1RA use was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c levels, while the negative control outcome remained unaffected. Findings remained consistent across subgroups stratified by sex, age, obesity-status, glycaemic-control, and GLP-1RA type and in multiple sensitivity analyses.
conclusionsIn this large real-world cohort study, long-term GLP-1RA use was not associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. These findings provide reassurance for the safety of GLP-1RAs and support their continued evidence-based use in clinical practice.
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