Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41182787›Full record

ArticleJAMA neurology2026

Burden of Central Nervous System Cancer in the United States, 1990-2021.

GBD 2021 US CNS Cancer Collaborators, Hyun Jin Han, Yun Seo Kim, Seoyeon Park, Jae Il Shin, Min Seo Kim, Ju Hyung Moon, Yong Bae Kim, Hazim S Ababneh, Ahmed Abu-Zaid and 66 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

76 authors.

GBD 2021 US CNS Cancer Collaborators
Hyun Jin HanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Yun Seo KimDepartment of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Seoyeon ParkDepartment of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Jae Il ShinDepartment of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Min Seo KimCardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Ju Hyung MoonSeverance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Yong Bae KimDepartment of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Hazim S AbabnehDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Ahmed Abu-ZaidDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Demelash AredaCollege of Art and Science, Ottawa University, Surprise, Arizona.
Santhosh ArulDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco.
Ahmed Y AzzamASIDE Healthcare, Lewes, Delaware.
Mainak BardhanMiller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
Mohammad Amin Bayat TorkBiological Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Babak BehnamAvicenna Biotech Research, Germantown, Maryland.
Gokce Belge BilginDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Prarthna V BhardwajDivision of Hematology Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield.
Soumitra S BhuyanDepartment of Health Administration, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Nima Broomand LomerDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Meng Xuan ChenSchool of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Suma Sri ChennapragadaDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
Xiaochen DaiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
Frances E DeanInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
Sindhura DeekondaDepartment of Pediatrics, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
Xueting DingJoe C. Wen School of Population & Public Health, University of California, Irvine.
Ojas Prakashbhai DoshiIndependent Consultant, South Plainfield, New Jersey.
Abdel Rahman E'marDepartment of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
Muhammed ElhadiFaculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.
Jawad FaresDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Patrick FazeliDepartment of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
James L FisherJames Cancer Hospital at The Ohio State University, Ohio State University, Columbus.
Maryam FotouhiDepartment of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Ali GholamrezanezhadDepartment of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Fidelia IdaPharmacoepidemiology Department, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Chidozie Declan IwuSchool of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle.
Mohamed JallohDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
Chinmay T JaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Rizwan KalaniDepartment of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle.
Samuel Berchi KankamHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Foad KazemiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Ariz KeshwaniFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Atulya Aman KhoslaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Corewell Health East William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
Stephen S LimInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
Riffat MehboobNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
Tomislav MestrovicInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
Ali H MokdadInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
Christopher J L MurrayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
Gurudatta NaikDepartment of Health Services Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Zuhair S NattoDepartment of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Dang NguyenHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Fred NugenDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Atakan OrscelikDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco.
Romil R ParikhDivision of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Louise PenberthyInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
Richard G PestellPennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown.
Disha PrabhuIndependent Consultant, San Diego, California.
Jagadeesh PuvvulaDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Shakthi Kumaran RamasamyDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Cameron John SabetDepartment of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
Austin E SchumacherInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
Yigit Can SenolDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco.
Sunder ShamDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, New York.
Samendra P SherchanDepartment of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Gizeaddis Lamesgin SimegnRadiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Jasvinder A SinghSchool of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Ranjan SolankiDepartment of Systemic Pathology, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York.
Bahadar S SrichawlaDepartment of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
Jabeen TaibaDepartment of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.
Manoj TanwarDepartment of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Mike Tuffour AmirikahHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Anjul VermaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University, Odessa.
Ismaeel YunusaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
David X ZhengDepartment of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Dong Keon YonDepartment of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
Keun Young ParkDepartment of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: Primary brain and central nervous system cancer (collectively referred to as CNS cancer) comprises 2% of all human cancers and poses significant health and economic challenges in the United States. Objective: To analyze CNS cancer burden in the US, stratified by time, location (state and division), sex, age group, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study involved a repeated analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 data in 2024. Using data from 183 sources, CNS cancer metrics in the US were estimated across states and years. US CNS cancer metrics across all sexes and age groups were included in the GBD. Exposure: CNS cancer diagnosis. Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall and age-standardized estimates of the incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost, and years lived with disability per 100 000 population, including 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), and time trends. Results: In 2021, for all age groups and sexes across the US, there were 31 780 incident cases (95% UI, 29971.1 to 32843.9). Age-standardized incidence, DALYs, and mortality rates per 100 000 population were 6.91 (95% UI, 6.58 to 7.12), 134.38 (95% UI, 129.83 to 137.95), and 4.1 (95% UI, 3.87 to 4.22), respectively. Despite no significant change observed in the overall incidence between 1990 and 2021, DALY and mortality rates decreased by 15.77% (95% UI, -17.75% to -13.68%) and 8.41% (95% UI, -11.09% to -6.22%), respectively. Substantial geographic variability was noted. Mississippi, Alabama, Kentucky, and Kansas (West North Central and East South Central divisions) and West Virginia faced persistently high burdens over the past 30 years. Sex differences were evident; disease burden was consistently higher in males compared with females. Age-specific estimates showed a bimodal distribution: the youngest group (<5 years) showed a significant decrease in incidence rate (-34.42% to -11.56%), whereas older age groups (>70 years) experienced increasing trends. DALYs and mortality rates were negatively correlated with SDI (ρ = -0.6860 and ρ = -0.6391; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance: These findings provide valuable insights into the CNS cancer burden across the US by age, sex, location, and SDI, enabling better public health status assessments, health care policy restructuring, and resource redistribution for improved care.

Indexed as

Central Nervous System NeoplasmsCost of IllnessAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, Newborn

Identifiers

PMID41182787
PMCPMC12584065

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.