Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41182620›Full record

ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2026

Conjugation of Saccharidic Synthetic Antigens with Carrier Proteins by the Squaric Acid Method: Application as Biomarkers for Treatment Evaluation in Chagas Disease.

M Eugenia Giorgi, Linda Toro Melgarejo, Esteban Bodmer, Carla Marino

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

M Eugenia GiorgiUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Linda Toro MelgarejoUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Esteban BodmerUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Carla MarinoUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina. cmarino@qo.fcen.uba.ar.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The conjugation of oligosaccharides with proteins, peptides, and other molecules generates a wide array of valuable tools for biochemical and biomedical research. However, conjugation methods often suffer from low efficiency, particularly when working with limited quantities of oligosaccharides.In this study, we report the conjugation of a synthetic oligosaccharide analog of the glycotope αGal (α-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-D-GlcNAc) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) using the squaric acid method. The protocol is versatile and can be applied to conjugate any oligosaccharide with proteins or peptides. A notable advantage of this method is its efficiency in using minimal amounts of the reactants while allowing the progress of the conjugation to be monitored via thin-layer chromatography, eliminating the need for complex instrumental techniques.

Indexed as

AntigensCarrier ProteinsChagas DiseaseCyclobutanesOligosaccharidesSerum Albumin, BovineAnimalsBiomarkersCattleChromatography, Thin LayerHumansAntigensBiomarkersCarrier ProteinsCyclobutanesOligosaccharidesSerum Albumin, Bovinesquaric acidChagas diseaseConjugationNeoglycoproteinsSynthetic oligosaccharidesαGal antibodies

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.