ArticleInternational ophthalmology2025
The observation of retinal microvascular alterations in familial hypercholesterolemia patients through optical coherence tomography angiography.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Dyslipidemia and Retinal Microvascular Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to evaluate fundus microvascular alterations in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).
methodsWe employed paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests to compare vessel density (VD) and retinal ultrastructure between FH patients and healthy controls, as well as between homozygous FH (HoFH) patients and controls. The relationship between VDs, serum cholesterol levels, and clinical symptoms in the HoFH group was analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis.
results19 eyes from FH patients and 19 eyes from healthy controls were included. FH eyes exhibited a larger foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (0.341 ± 0.111 vs. 0.275 ± 0.07; p = 0.031). VDs in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) were significantly lower in the FH group for the whole image (49.59 ± 2.39% vs. 51.45 ± 2.03%; p = 0.018), as well as in the parafoveal and perifoveal areas (all p < 0.016). Conversely, VDs in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) subsectors were significantly increased (all p < 0.05). Total cholesterol (TC) levels were negatively correlated with VDs in the SCP (all p < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels showed positive correlations with VDs in the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) in the peripapillary area (odds ratio [OR] 4.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.68 to 5.78, p < 0.001)). Higher DCP perifoveal VDs were associated with more severe cardiovascular symptoms (OR 2.67, 95% CI 0.33 to 5.01, p = 0.025).
conclusionFH patients exhibited significant microvascular alterations, with specific VDs correlating with serum cholesterol levels and cardiovascular symptoms in HoFH patients.
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