SynthesisNeurosurgical review2025
The clinical outcomes of combined stereotactic radiosurgery with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with metastatic brain tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the safety and efficacy.
Synthesis in Neurosurgical review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) pose a significant challenge due to limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) may enhance tumor control through synergistic effects. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of this combined approach for BM. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus up to 27 June 2024. Studies involving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and SRS for BM were included. Outcomes included local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), radiological response, and adverse events. Data were analyzed using STATA V.17 with a random-effects model. Sixteen studies with 1529 patients were included. Pooled 6- and 12-month LC rates were 85% (95% CI 75-95%) and 84% (95% CI 75-93%), respectively. One- and three-year PFS rates were both 51% (95% CI 39-64% and 41-62%), while one- and two-year OS rates were 67% (95% CI 57-78%) and 30% (95% CI 16-45%). Overall response rate was 61% (95% CI 44-78%), with a complete response rate of 39% (95% CI 25-53%). Adverse radiation effects occurred in 31% (95% CI 3-58%), with radiation necrosis in 12% (95% CI 2-23%). Subgroup analyses showed no significant impact of drug type, primary tumor site, prior treatment, or SRS fractionation on outcomes. Combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with SRS for BM yields robust local control and improved one-year survival compared to historical data, with manageable toxicities. However, variability in outcomes and lack of comparator groups highlight the need for standardized protocols and prospective trials to optimize treatment strategies and identify predictive biomarkers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41182419What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.