ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025
Pneumococcal vaccination offer and schedules in adults in EU countries: An update.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Severe invasive pneumococcal disease beyond current vaccination recommendations: implications for higher-valency vaccines.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Pneumococcal pneumonia in adults - re-emergence of vaccine serotypes: a prospective multicenter cohort study in Germany, 2020-2023.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of illness and death among both young and older populations in Europe. Although all EU countries have established childhood vaccination programs, adult vaccination policies vary widely. This study analyzed pneumococcal vaccination strategies for adults across the 27 EU member states, using data collected up to December 2024 from official sources such as ECDC, WHO, and national health websites. Data were compiled and independently reviewed by two researchers, with final validation by a senior expert. Results indicate that 23 countries (85.2%) have implemented adult vaccination programs. However, substantial differences exist regarding vaccine types, targeted groups, and the extent of recommendation or obligation. Vaccination is advised for healthy adults aged 65 years and older in 21 countries and for at-risk individuals in 17. While 21 countries recommend it, 6 do not provide public funding. These discrepancies highlight the need for harmonized and more comprehensive adult vaccination strategies in Europe.
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Registered trials
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