ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh): heterogeneity in spatial distribution and phenotypic characteristics.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regulation of follicular helper T cell subset differentiation in health and disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Article
- The language of the immune system: Part 1: Cytokine conversations and conversationalists.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- [Role of AHR-mediated histone acetylation at FOXP3 in Tfr cell differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Cytokine signatures associated with persistent antibody responses to multipleFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are a Th cell subset that directly assists B cells in functioning, and their development is regulated by various factors. Among them, the initial regulation leads to phenotypic heterogeneity, while the regulation of their migration process results in spatial heterogeneity. The phenotypic heterogeneity is manifested by the presence of Tfh subsets with characteristics helper T cells (Th) of other lineages, namely Tfh1, Tfh2, and Tfh17, with different transcriptional programs and secrete distinct cytokines, potentially possessing different functions. The spatial heterogeneity is mainly manifested by the positional relationship between Tfh and germinal centers (GC), which are mainly divided into GC-Tfh, follicular mantle Tfh, and circulating Tfh, possibly reflecting the process of Tfh occurrence. This review summarizes the spatial and phenotypic heterogeneity of Tfh cells, and suggests a Tfh cell type framework with nodes of previous studied cell types and the edges of switching between specific celltypes, which is affected by the summation of imprinted plasticity part and
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.