Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41180909›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of transgender health2025

Cyclical uncertainty: Healthcare providers and gender affirming care in Central Appalachia.

Chase Harless, Irene Park Ulrich, Tiara Giddings, Julia Oat-Judge, Austin H Johnson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of transgender health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Chase HarlessSouthern Equality Research & Policy Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA.
Irene Park UlrichSouthern Equality Research & Policy Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA.
Tiara GiddingsSouthern Equality Research & Policy Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA.
Julia Oat-JudgeMountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA.
Austin H JohnsonSouthern Equality Research & Policy Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-265X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: An estimated 1.4-2.3 million transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) adults live in the United States. Very few studies have explored TGNB healthcare delivery from the perspectives of primary care providers in the Southeast region broadly, and even fewer have focused on the Central Appalachian region in particular. This project explores the perspectives of providers in the area to better understand the needs of this population. Methods: Healthcare providers in community health organizations within Central Appalachia participated in sixteen in-depth interviews. Researchers performed a qualitative thematic analysis to identify major themes in experiences of providing gender affirming care (GAC) for TGNB in the region. Results: Data analysis revealed four major themes: 1) practitioners' baseline knowledge of GAC influences their perception of providing care for TGNB patients, 2) practitioners report a lack of certainty in providing care to TGNB patients, 3) practitioners show interest in and recognize the need for educational resources and support in providing GAC, and 4) colleagues and patients are a useful source of knowledge for providing GAC. Conclusion: Participants held inconsistent definitions for what

Indexed as

Gender affirming careprimary carerural healthcareUS Southeast

Identifiers

PMID41180909
PMCPMC12573558

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.