ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2025
Associations Between Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Depression, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in a Tertiary Hospital Sleep Center: A Retrospective Study.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) often coexists with anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality, which worsen symptom perception and reduce quality of life. While each factor has been linked to GERD, their combined effects have rarely been examined, especially in sleep clinic populations. This study aimed to assess the individual and combined associations of anxiety, depression, and sleep quality with probable GERD in patients at a tertiary hospital sleep center. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined patient data from the Sleep Center of National Cheng Kung University Hospital collected between July 2020 and July 2021. All included patients completed the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERDQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations between elevated HADS-A (anxiety), HADS-D (depression), PSQI scores, and probable GERD (GERDQ score ≥ 9), adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: Among 877 patients, 93 (10.6%) had probable GERD. Elevated HADS-A (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40-3.39, p < 0.001), HADS-D (aOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.34-3.29, p = 0.001), and PSQI (aOR: 3.32, 95% CI: 2.10-5.27, p < 0.001) scores were significantly associated with probable GERD. Patients with both high HADS-A and PSQI scores had a stronger association (aOR: 4.74, 95% CI: 2.62-8.60), and those with both high HADS-D and PSQI scores had the greatest odds (aOR: 5.09, 95% CI: 2.72-9.41). Conclusion: Results reaffirm that anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality are significantly associated with probable GERD. However, given the cross-sectional design, causal relationships cannot be established. The combined use of HADS and PSQI may enhance GERD risk identification, suggesting that individuals with psychological and/or sleep disturbances should consider gastroenterological evaluation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.