ReviewAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2025
History of medical education in neurosurgical training: moving from illustrations and cadaver dissections to virtual simulation.
Review in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The main objective of the study is to trace the history and evolution of neurosurgical education, examining the parallels between pre-Hellenistic, Islamic Golden Age, and modern educational methods. The study explores how the pioneering teaching approaches can inspire continuous improvements in current neurosurgical education. Additionally, the importance of mentorship and clinical clerkships in advancing international neurosurgical education is highlighted. Methods: This is a historical narrative review study, aiming to trace the evolution of neurosurgical education from antiquity to the present. The literature search was conducted between January 2020 and March 2024 using the databases PubMed, Scopus, JSTOR, and Google Scholar. Search terms included: "history of neurosurgical education," "cadaveric dissection in medical training," "Al-Zahrawi surgery," "anatomy teaching Renaissance," and "VR simulation in neurosurgery." Sources included primary historical texts (e.g., Edwin Smith Papyrus, Sushruta Samhita), secondary academic reviews, classical medical treatises, surgical textbooks, and biographies of key historical figures. Inclusion criteria focused on relevance to neurosurgical teaching, anatomical education, and educational methods, spanning both Western and non-Western civilizations. Results: As this is a historical narrative review, the results are presented through qualitative data - primarily events, milestones, educational practices, and biographical contributions - rather than statistical or outcome-based data. The historical analysis reveals a continuous link between mentorship, clinical clerkships, and hands-on neuroanatomy training as key factors that have shaped modern neurosurgical education. Notable advancements include Osler's introduction of bedside rounds and clerkships, and Rhoton's modern method of dissection of cadaveric heads for neuroanatomy teaching. Conclusions: The study concludes that historical insights into neurosurgical education methods provide valuable lessons for future improvements in teaching and mentoring in the field. The legacy of figures such as Sir William Osler and Dr. Albert Rhoton continues to inform and inspire modern neurosurgical education, particularly in clinical and anatomical learning practices.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.