ArticleJournal of experimental orthopaedics2025
Gender-related differences in spontaneous osteoclastogenesis in knee osteoarthritis: A potential peripheral biomarker for early disease progression.
Article in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigating Sex-Linked miRNAs for Potential Osteoarthritis Therapy Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex-associated transcriptional changes to synovial macrophages in the aging joint.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gender-related differences in spontaneous osteoclastogenesis in knee osteoarthritis: A potential peripheral biomarker for early disease progression.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: Osteoclastogenesis, the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), is increasingly recognised as a process involved in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the phenomenon of spontaneous osteoclastogenesis (OC formation without exogenous stimuli) as a potential peripheral biomarker in male and female patients with knee OA. Methods: PBMCs were isolated from 40 patients with knee OA (20 males, 20 females; Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] Grades I-II) and cultured for 21 days without osteoclastogenic factors. OC viability (Alamar Blue assay), percentage of mature OCs (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP] histochemical staining) and secretion of Cathepsin K (CTSK) and matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) 7 and 9 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] tests) were assessed. Results: Demographic and clinical characteristics are comparable between male and female patients. OC viability was also similar between groups ( Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence of spontaneous osteoclastogenesis in OA patients, even at early stages, and highlights significant sex-related differences in OC maturation and protein secretion. These findings suggest that spontaneous osteoclastogenesis may reflect systemic dysregulation of bone resorption and could serve as a potential biomarker for OA progression. Larger, controlled studies are needed to validate its diagnostic and prognostic value. Level of Evidence: Level I.
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