ArticleTobacco induced diseases2025
Global burden of vision impairment due to smoking-related cataract: A descriptive study of spatiotemporal trends based on GBD secondary data and projections to 2050.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative burden and projections of chewing tobacco-attributable lip/oral cavity and esophageal cancers: global and China-specific trends, 2000-2036.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Tobacco-Attributable Age-Related Macular Degeneration Vision Impairment in Japan: A National and Prefecture-Level Analysis From 1990 to 2040.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national cataract burden attributable to household air pollution and smoking (1990-2021) and projection to 2050.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSmoking is a major modifiable risk factor for cataract, with strong biological and epidemiological evidence supporting this association. Nevertheless, the global burden and regional variations in vision impairment attributable to smoking-related cataract have not been comprehensively assessed.
methodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, we performed a secondary analysis of the global years lived with disability (YLDs) due to smoking-related cataract vision impairment, from 1990 to 2021. Analyses were stratified by age group (30-34 to ≥95 years). Trends were evaluated using age-standardized YLDs rates (ASYLDsR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Future burden was projected to 2050 using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model.
resultsIn 2021, global YLDs due to smoking-related cataract reached 225174 cases (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 151200-325529), representing a 38.9% (95% UI: 35.2-42.5) increase compared with 1990. However, the ASYLDsR declined significantly (EAPC= -1.41%, 95% CI: -1.48 - -1.33). Population growth contributed over 360% to the increase in YLDs in low sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, whereas population aging was the dominant factor in high-SDI regions (contributing 165%). Males accounted for 82% of the global burden. In 2021, the male ASYLDsR was 5.3 times higher than that of females (4.59; 95% UI: 3.24-6.39 vs 0.87; 95% UI: 0.61-1.23, per 100000 population). Countries in Asia bore the heaviest absolute burden, with China and India collectively accounting for 53% of the global total. The BAPC model projected a continued decline in ASYLDsR through 2050, with predicted rates of 2.69 (95% CI: 0.59-4.77) males and 0.42 (95% CI: 0.09-0.82) females.
conclusionsDespite a declining age-standardized burden globally, the absolute burden is increasing due to population growth and aging, presenting ongoing challenges, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. Strengthening tobacco control and improving access to cataract surgery are recommended.
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